About viruses and viral disease Mitochondrial doublestranded RNA is dangerous 4 October 18 by Vincent Racaniello Mitochondria are descended from bacteria that invaded cells 15 billion years ago and never left The mitochondrial genome is like that of bacteria circular doublestranded DNA, only smallerCredit CC0 public domain St Jude Scientist Vibhor Mishra, PhD Focuses on where important processes of gene regulation occur and singlestrand transcripts are converted to doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) "There is evidence that the association of PolIVRDR2 involves contact between RDR2 and the largest catalytic subunit of NRPD1 and PolIV," explains Mishra "As the only RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism of gene expression mediated by small RNAs By using the RNAi technique, exogenous doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to target mRNA, suppresses target gene expression levels in plants In this study, we adopted the RNAi mechanism as a tool to protect plants from viruses We designed and synthesized several
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Double stranded rna binding proteins- Meister G, Tuschl T (04) Mechanisms of gene silencing by doublestranded RNA Nature 431 343–349 View Article Google Scholar 12 JonesRhoades MW, Bartel DP, Bartel B (06) MicroRNAS and their regulatory roles in plants Annu Rev Plant Biol 57 19–53 View ArticleDoublestranded (ds) RNA is generated in host cells during the replication of most viruses The host innate immune system thus recognizes dsRNA as a PAMP, inducing robust immune responses that are characterized by the production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines
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In our system we have specific miRNA (micro RNA) that are somewhat complementary to rticles/PMC/Double stranded RNA is often a sign of trouble because many viruses form long strands of doublestranded RNA as they replicate their genome RNA interference is a process that occurs in plant and animal cells that attacks the viral RNA, and short sequences of double stranded RNA called small interfering RNA (siRNA) are involved in this process 2Over the past decade our doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)antibodies have been used extensively to detect and characterise plant and animal viruses with dsRNA genomes or intermediates In addition, the antidsRNA antibodies can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect pathogens, including detection in paraffinembedded fixed tissue samples (Richardson et al 10)
PremRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences;Doublestranded RNA is generated in the cytoplasm during replication of positivestrand RNA and DNA viruses 95 There is accumulating evidence that the TLR3–TICAM1 signaling is involved in protection against virus infection COVID19, short for "coronavirus disease 19," is caused by the novel coronavirus SARSCoV2 Like many other viruses, SARSCoV2 is an RNA virus This means that, unlike in humans and other mammals, the genetic material for SARSCoV2 is encoded in ribonucleic acid (RNA) The viral RNA is sneaky its features cause the protein synthesis
A telltale sign of viral invasion, doublestranded RNA sounds cellular alarm bells that touch off a firestorm of interferon According to a paper published July 7 in Science Translational Medicine, dsRNAs that arise from nonviral sources, including hexanucleotide expansions in the C9ORF72 gene, can also instigate harmful inflammation19 hours ago RNA Two strands are tougher than one Research reveals key differences between single and doublestranded RNA, insights that may prove useful to fields from agriculture to medicine Messenger Group III includes doublestranded RNA viruses while group IV includes positivesense singlestranded RNA viruses Finally, group V includes negativesense ssRNA viruses In addition, retroviruses also have a singlestranded RNA genome, but they transcribe via an intermediate of DNA Hence, they are not considered as RNA viruses
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Title Viral phosphodiesterases that antagonize doublestranded RNA signaling to RNase L by degrading 25A Abstract The host interferon (IFN) antiviral response involves a myriad of diverse biochemical pathways that disrupt virus replication cycles at many different levelsRNA ribonucleic acid messenger RNA (mRNA) see ribonucleic acid ribosomal RNA (rRNA) see ribonucleic acid transfer RNA (tRNA) see ribonucleic acidReplication occurs in host cytoplasm and converts ssmRNA to dsgenomic RNA But dsRNA is a kind of molecule that cells do not produce, and eukaryotic hosts have various antiviral systems that detect and inactivate dsRNA To circumvent this defenses, many dsRNA viruses are replicating their RNA inside icosahedral capsids
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Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) ELISA kit (J2 based) Based on the use of two doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)specific monoclonal antibodies the dsRNA Detection Kit allows sensitive and selective detection of dsRNA molecules (larger than 3040 bp), independent of their nucleotide composition and sequence The detection is highly specific dsRNA can beDsRNA (doublestranded RNA) is used extensively for RNAi application in agricultural biotechnology In vitro transcription method is superior in biosafety and RNA quality compared to the in vivo transcription method RNA Greentech has developed a way to produce highquality dsRNA costeffectively In mammalian cells long (>30nt) doublestranded RNAs usually cause Interferon response A simplified model for the RNAi pathway In the first step, the trigger RNA (either dsRNA or miRNA primary transcript) is processed into an short, interfering RNA ( siRNA ) by the RNase II enzymes Dicer and Drosha
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Double stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, usually shows up in viruses and is somewhat unusual In viruses, it is a unique characteristic, and only a small number of viral families exhibit this trait RNA hybridization happens when one RNA strand combines, or hybridizes, with either another RNA strand or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand RNA, like DNA, can form double helices held together by the pairing of complementary bases, and such helices are ubiquitous in functional RNAs Here we apply external forces and torques to individual doublestranded RNA molecules to determine the mechanical properties and conformational transitions of these fundamental biological building blocksRNA is typically not double stranded, but not because it can't be The bonding that occurs between strands is almost identical to that of DNA, except that RNA involves the slightly less stable UA hydrogen bonds However in biological systems, it
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Generally, RNA is a singlestranded molecule, unlike DNA double helix In the Baltimore classification of viruses, Group III, Group IV and Group V include RNA viruses Some viruses have an ssRNA or singlestranded RNA genome Therefore, their genome is made from one strand of RNA Moreover, some viruses have dsRNA or doublestranded RNA genome We show that Nprotein recognizes at least two separate and distinct RNA motifs, both of which require doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) for LLPS These motifs are separately recognized by Nprotein's two RNA binding domains (RBDs) Although complementary strands of RNA or DNA easily combine to form stable, double helices, chemical differences between RNA and DNA drive RNA helices into the Aform, while DNA helices assume the Bform
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2 days ago Double stranded RNA treatment can reduce fertility of adult house fly pests New technology to fight plagues and pathogens in crops For comparisons of sense, antisense, and doublestranded RNA activity, equal masses of RNA were injected (that is, dsRNA was usedSUMMARY Since doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) has not until recently generally been thought to be deliberately expressed in cells, it has commonly been assumed that the major source of cellular dsRNA is viral infections In this view, the cellular responses to dsRNA would be natural and perhaps ancient antiviral responses While the cell may certainly react to some dsRNAs as an antiviral
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Doublestranded RNA is sensitive to degradation by ribonucleases, even though it is more resistant than singlestranded RNA To avoid ribonuclease contamination wear gloves, use RNasefree water for gels and buffers, wash equipment with detergent and rinse throughly with RNasefree water Doublestrand RNA exhibits traits different from singlestranded RNA A hairpin loop from a premRNA Highlighted are the nucleobases (green) and the ribosephosphate backbone (blue) Note that this is a single strand of RNA that foldsDoublestranded RNA viruses infect bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, such as the rotavirus that causes diarrheal illness in humans But cells do not utilize dsRNA in any of their processes and have systems in place to destroy any dsRNA found in the cell Thus the viral genome, in its dsRNA form, must be hidden or protected from the cell
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Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as AtoI RNA editing This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; Endogenous RNA transcription characterizes doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in the Reoviridae, a family that is exemplified by its simple, singleshelled member cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virusThe birth of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and activation of repetitive elements in the genome The transcription of endogenous retroviruses as well as long and short interspersed elements is not only essential for evolving lncRNAs but is also a significant source of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)
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In RNA interference introducing short doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments into the cells of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequencesBecause doublestranded RNA is uncommon in eukaryotic cells, its presence serves as an indicator of viral infection The implications for a virus having an RNA genome instead of a DNA genome are discussed in more detail in Viruses Key Concepts and Summary Ribonucleic acidRibonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA Unlike DNA, RNA is singlestranded An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups Attached to each sugar is one of four basesadenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine , or guanine (G) Different types of RNA
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In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the host Their function was mysterious at the time It turns out that ADARs specifically edit a molecule called doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) When viruses infect cells in animals, including humans, they make dsRNA, which the innate immune system detects as a sign that a cell has been invaded It also turns out that animal cells make their own dsRNAMechanistic analysis demonstrated that the doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor MDA5 was necessary for innate immune response activation and that transient knockdown of MDA5, or MAVS, decreased IFNβ expression while increasing transgene production in AAVtransduced cells
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As a result, they are remarkably adept at antagonizing doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)induced pathways that are essential components of the host innate immune response (4 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ –8) In addition, CoV lineagespecific genes encoding accessory proteins, which are nonessential for RNA replication and variable among CoV lineages, further divide Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil This type of RNA is found in some viruses When these viruses infect eukaryotic cells, the dsRNA can interfere with normal RNA A research group led by Professor Seiichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University's Graduate School of Science has reported a new RNA probe that binds to doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) in a sequencespecific
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Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (doublestranded RNA viruses) Doublestranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferon response in vertebrates In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the host It's what's known as singlestranded RNA (ssRNA), and it can be found throughout the natural world Less common in nature is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which has two strands and resembles the wellknown DNA double helix It's found in some viruses, but for the past few decades, people have been developing synthetic dsRNA for a range of
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The SuperScript® DoubleStranded cDNA Synthesis Kit contains all of the reagents (except an oligo (dT)containing primer) necessary to make highquality, doublestranded cDNA from total RNA or poly A selected RNA (mRNA)The advanced capabilities of SuperScript® II Reverse Transcriptase, with its reduced RNase H activity, maximize the yield of fulllength cDNA, as well as that of
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